Si l'on loue une maison à son voisin pendant la saison des pluies [sans préciser pour combien de temps], il ne peut pas l'expulser de Succoth jusqu'à Pessa'h. Et, pendant la saison sèche, trente jours. [Autrement dit, s'il souhaite l'expulser avant Pessa'h, il doit l'informer de ces trente jours de la saison sèche, c'est-à-dire du quinzième d'Elul, à partir de laquelle il reste trente jours jusqu'à Succoth, qui est le début de la saison des pluies. Et s'il ne l'a pas prévenu à partir du 15 Elul, il ne peut l'expulser jusqu'à Pessa'h (on comprend que si l'on loue une maison pendant la saison sèche sans préciser le moment de la location, il doit en informer le locataire (au moins) trente jours. avant de l'expulser.] Et dans les villes, [où tous sont désireux de vivre, et où les maisons ne sont pas facilement disponibles pour la location, il doit l'en informer avant de l'expulser], tant pendant la saison sèche que pendant la saison des pluies, (à au moins un an (avant). [Et tout comme le propriétaire doit en informer au préalable, le locataire doit en faire autant. Dans les villages, trente jours, et dans les villes, douze mois. Et s'il ne le fait pas, il ne peut congé, mais doit payer son loyer.] Pour les magasins (la période d'apprentissage) dans les villages et dans les villes est de douze mois R. Shimon b. Gamliel dit: (La période d'apprentissage) pour les boulangers et teinturiers est de trois ans. [Car ils donnent du crédit pour de longues périodes. La halakha est conforme à R. Shimon b. Gamliel.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia
המשכיר בית לחבירו – undefined.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
This mishnah deals with how much warning a landlord must give his tenant before evicting him.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia
בימות הגשמים אינו יכול להוציאו מן החג ועד הפסח ובימות החמה שלשים יום – that is to say, if he comes to remove/evict him prior to Passover, that he must inform him thirty days from the days of the summer/heat, that is from the fifteenth of Elul for from there is thirty days until Sukkot/”the holiday” which is the beginning of the days of rainfall, and if he did not inform him from the fifteenth of Elul, he cannot evict him until Passover, and automatically we learn that he who rents a house, undefined, in the days of the summer/heat, he must inform him thirty days before he removes/evicts him (Bava Metzia 101b).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
If one leased a house to his fellow in the rainy season, he cannot make him leave it [during the time] from Sukkot to Pesach. In the summer, [he must give him] thirty days [warning]. And in large cities, whether it is during the rainy season or the summer [he must give] twelve months [warning]. If he rented him a house in the winter, he cannot evict him from Sukkot (approximately October) till Pesach (approximately April). In Israel, where the Mishnah was composed, this is the rainy season. Since it would be difficult for the tenant to find a new house in the rainy season, and difficult for him to move while it is wet outside, he may not be evicted during this entire period. If it was during the summer and the house was rented in a small town, he need give him only 30 days warning before evicting him. If, however, he was in a large city he must give him 12 months warning. The assumption is that it will be more difficult to find new housing in a larger city where more people live.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia
ובכרכים – For everyone is drawn there to live and homes are not found to rent, he must inform him twelve months prior to evicting/removing him, whether during the days of summer/heat, whether during the rainy season, and just as he who rents out a home must inform him, so the renter must inform him (i.e., the owner) – in the villages thirty days and in the walled cities twelve months. And if he does not inform him, he cannot leave, but rather gives him his rent.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
[If one leased] a shop [to his fellow], whether in large cities or small towns, [he must give] twelve months [warning]. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: “If it is a shop occupied by bakers or dyers [he must give] three years [warning]. If he rented him a store he must always give him twelve months, even during the summer in a small town (where if he had rented him a house he need only give thirty days warning). The reason is that a storekeeper needs time to collect his debts from his customers. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel points out that bakers and dyers will need three years warning. A likely reason for the need for such a long warning is that it is very difficult for a baker or dyer to move his equipment and find new accommodations.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
Questions for Further Thought: Mishnah six: After whose interests is this mishnah concerned? The landlord or his tenant?
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia
של נחתומים ושל צבעים שלש שנים – because of the great credit for a long time. And the Halakha is according to Rabban Gamaliel.
